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1.
Rev. Headache Med. (Online) ; 15(1): 7-12, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551344

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2020, the first vaccines were approved, according to the WHO. However, speculations arose regarding their efficacy and post-vaccination adverse events (AEFV). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of headache as AEFI from the SARSCoV-2 vaccine in Piauí, Brazil. METHODS: This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and prevalence study. Data were provided by the Post-Vaccination Adverse Event Information System (SI-AEFV), from reported cases from January to September 2021. Data were analyzed, and the research was approved by the UFPI Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: A total of 2,008 cases were analyzed. Headache was reported in 752 cases (27.99%) as an AEFV after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In most cases, patients were from Teresina (67.62%), of brown race/ethnicity (52.67%), female (79.00%), and the majority were not healthcare professionals (54.27%). The most common age of patients, with the original data, was 33 years. After data correction, the most common age was 28 years. The majority of these cases were not severe (96.44%), and the majority of cases were associated with the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (43.18%).CONCLUSION: Thus, it is concluded from the partial analysis of the results that headache is the most common adverse event after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The profile of patients with the most notifications was brown women aged 30 to 40 years who received the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. Regarding the severity of events, the vast majority were considered non-severe, and no deaths were mentioned, demonstrating the safety of immunobiologicals.


FUNDAMENTO: Em 2020, foram aprovadas as primeiras vacinas, segundo a OMS. No entanto, surgiram especulações quanto à sua eficácia e eventos adversos pós-vacinais (EAPV). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de cefaleia como EAPV da vacina SARSCoV-2 no Piauí, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e de prevalência. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo Sistema de Informação de Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinação (SI-AEFV), dos casos notificados no período de janeiro a setembro de 2021. Os dados foram analisados ​​e a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFPI. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados ​​2.008 casos. Cefaleia foi relatada em 752 casos (27,99%) como EAPV após vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2. Na maioria dos casos, os pacientes eram procedentes de Teresina (67,62%), de raça/etnia parda (52,67%), do sexo feminino (79,00%) e a maioria não era profissional de saúde (54,27%). A idade mais comum dos pacientes, com os dados originais, era de 33 anos. Após correção dos dados, a idade mais comum foi 28 anos. A maioria desses casos não foi grave (96,44%), e a maioria dos casos esteve associada à primeira dose da vacina Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca (43,18%).CONCLUSÃO: Assim, conclui-se a partir da análise parcial dos resultados de que cefaleia é o evento adverso mais comum após vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2. O perfil dos pacientes com mais notificações foi de mulheres pardas com idade entre 30 e 40 anos que receberam a primeira dose da vacina Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca. Quanto à gravidade dos eventos, a grande maioria foi considerada não grave e não foram mencionados óbitos, demonstrando a segurança dos imunobiológicos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vacinas/imunologia , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , COVID-19/virologia , Pacientes/classificação , Segurança/normas , Pessoal de Saúde/organização & administração
3.
Nature ; 619(7968): 102-111, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37258676

RESUMO

The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked1-3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future.


Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Planeta Terra , Justiça Ambiental , Internacionalidade , Segurança , Humanos , Aerossóis/metabolismo , Clima , Água/metabolismo , Nutrientes/metabolismo , Segurança/legislação & jurisprudência , Segurança/normas
4.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1509235

RESUMO

En un complejo contexto epidemiológico nacional e internacional, de trasmisión y hospitalización por COVID-19 en población pediátrica, Cuba decidió realizar una campaña de vacunación masiva contra esta enfermedad en niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la seguridad del esquema heterólogo de dos dosis de SOBERANA®02 más una dosis de SOBERANA®Plus con 28 días entre ellas en niños y adolescentes, hijos de los trabajadores del Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, que pertenece a BioCubaFarma, Grupo Empresarial de las Industrias Biotecnológica y Farmacéutica de Cuba. La seguridad de las vacunas se evaluó mediante la identificación y clasificación de los eventos adversos por farmacovigilancia activa y pasiva. Se evaluaron 237 niños de ambos sexos, siendo incluidos 200 (130 con edades de 2 a 10 años y 70, de 11 a 18). Ciento noventa niños de los incluidos (95 por ciento) recibieron el esquema completo de vacunación. Se registraron un total de 121 eventos adversos, en su mayoría por farmacovigilancia pasiva, de intensidad leve y de causalidad A1 (relacionados). No ocurrieron eventos adversos graves relacionados. Las vacunas SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA®PLUS evidenciaron un perfil de seguridad muy favorable durante su administración a niños y adolescentes, hijos de los trabajadores del Centro Nacional de Biopreparados(AU)


In a complex national and international epidemiological context of transmission and hospitalization by COVID-19 in the pediatric population, Cuba decided to carry out a massive vaccination campaign against this disease in children and adolescents. The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety of the heterologous scheme of two doses of SOBERANA®02 and one dose of SOBERANA®PLUS with 28 days between them, in children and adolescents who are sons of workers of the Centro Nacional de Biopreparados which belongs to BioCubaFarma, the Business Group of the Biotechnological and Pharmaceutical Industries of Cuba. The safety of the vaccines was evaluated through the identification and classification of adverse events by active and passive pharmacovigilance. A quantity of 237 children of both sexes was evaluated, and 200 were included (130 from 2 to 10 years, and 70 from 11 to 18 years). Of those included, 190 children (95percent) received the complete vaccination schedule. A total of 121 adverse events were recorded, mostly due to passive pharmacovigilance, of mild intensity and A1 (related) causality. No related serious adverse events occurred. The SOBERANA®02 and SOBERANA®PLUS vaccines showed a very favorable safety profile during their administration to children and adolescents who are sons of workers at the Centro Nacional de Biopreparados(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Segurança/normas , Vacinas contra COVID-19/uso terapêutico , Cuba
5.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35915950

RESUMO

To meet the requirement from the economy and society, China's emergency rescue has been developing towards specialization and professionalization. The working environment for emergency responders is special accompanying with tremendous challenges and uncertainties. To promote the research on occupational health and personal protection is an important guarantee for the workers in China to realize the goal of "decent work". This paper reviews the hazards that affect the occupational health of emergency rescue workers, the research progress of adverse outcomes caused from exposure to these hazards, and the related development issues of personal protection. In order to ensure the safety and health of emergency rescue workers, the direction of further research on occupational health of emergency rescue workers is put forward.


Assuntos
Socorristas , Exposição Ocupacional , Saúde Ocupacional , Trabalho de Resgate , Segurança , Local de Trabalho , China , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/normas , Saúde Ocupacional/normas , Trabalho de Resgate/normas , Pesquisa , Segurança/normas , Local de Trabalho/normas
7.
Med Sci Sports Exerc ; 54(2): 330-336, 2022 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34559720

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study examined worker characteristics and behaviors and the perceived importance of job-related tasks associated with the willingness to perform a proposed probation officer physical ability test (PROPAT). METHODS: North Carolina probation officers (N = 1213, 46.2% female, 39.8 ± 10.1 yr, 30.7 ± 6.6 kg·m-2) completed a survey including demographics, health history, and job-related tasks. A multivariable logistic regression model estimated the odds of being willing to perform the PROPAT. Adjusted odds ratios (ORadjusted) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, with those excluding 1.00 deemed statistically significant. RESULTS: The majority (72%) of probation officers were willing to perform the PROPAT. Being male (compared with female) (ORadjusted = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.12-2.02) and having moderate (ORadjusted = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.10-2.08) and high physical activity status (ORadjusted = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.97-4.28) (compared with low) increased the odds of being willing to perform the PROPAT. Additionally, reporting a greater importance of tasks, including running to pursue a suspect (TASKRUN, 1-unit increase, ORadjusted = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.10-1.43) and dragging an unresisting person (TASKDRAG, 1-unit increase, ORadjusted = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01-1.32), increased the odds of being willing to perform the PROPAT. Increasing age (1-yr increase, ORadjusted = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98), class II (ORadjusted = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28-0.71) and class III obesity (compared with normal weight, ORadjusted = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32-0.93), and a previous musculoskeletal injury (ORadjusted = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35-0.93) all decreased the odds of being willing to perform the PROPAT. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest being older, previously injured, obese (body mass index ≥ 35 kg·m-2), and less active is associated with being less willing to participate in the PROPAT, whereas males and reporting a higher importance of the TASKRUN and TASKDRAG activities is associated with being more willing to participate in the PROPAT. Departments can use these findings to identify feasible strategies (e.g., education and physical training) to improve the implementation of physical employment standards.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional/métodos , Emprego/normas , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Aplicação da Lei , Seleção de Pessoal/métodos , Aptidão Física , Adulto , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional/normas , Emprego/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , North Carolina , Razão de Chances , Seleção de Pessoal/normas , Segurança/normas
8.
JAMA Netw Open ; 4(8): e2119146, 2021 08 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34342649

RESUMO

Importance: Safe firearm storage and other interventions may reduce pediatric firearm deaths and injuries. Objective: To compare firearm ownership and storage practices, opinions on firearm injury prevention strategies, and perceptions of safety among adults in California households with and without children and/or adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants: This survey study used data from the 2018 California Safety and Well-being Survey, a California-representative, probability-based internet survey. Respondents were part of the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, an online research panel that uses address-based sampling and provides survey weights to produce estimates representative of the adult population of California. Main Outcomes and Measures: Topics included firearm storage practices, opinions on interventions to reduce pediatric firearm injury, and perceptions of household safety related to firearm ownership. Respondents were stratified by firearm ownership and household presence or absence of children and/or adolescents. Weighted percentages and 95% CIs are presented. Results: Of 5232 invited panel members, 2558 (48.9%) completed the survey. Among respondents, 52.5% (95% CI, 49.3%-55.7%) were women, 42.9% (95% CI, 39.9%-45.9%) were White, 30.0% (95% CI, 26.8%-32.9%) lived in homes with children, and the mean (SD) age was 48.0 (17.1) years. Among those in homes with children, more than two-thirds of individuals who owned firearms (70.6% [95% CI, 50.1%-85.2%]) and more than half of individuals who did not own firearms but lived in homes with guns (54.9% [95% CI, 37.9%-70.8%]) reported that they believed a firearm in the home made it safer. Half of those who owned firearms (52.3% [95% CI, 34.9%-69.2%]) and more than three-quarters of individuals who did not own firearms but lived in homes with guns (78.4% [95% CI, 57.5%-90.7%]) reported it was always appropriate for parents to inquire about unlocked guns in homes where their children play. Among those who had previously owned at least 1 gun but no longer did, 13.3% (95% CI, 7.1%-23.8%) reported getting rid of guns at least in part due to concern for the safety of a child in the home. Nearly two-thirds of those who owned firearms living with children and/or adolescents (64.5% [95% CI, 46.5%-79.2%]) did not store all firearms in the most secure manner (ie, unloaded and locked up), compared with 36.4% (95% CI, 29.4%-44.1%) of individuals who owned firearms but did not live with children. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, although a substantial percentage of individuals who owned guns and lived with children did not store all firearms as recommended, parents and caregivers who owned firearms reported being amenable to interventions that reduce young people's risk of firearm-related harm. Future work should investigate acceptable risk reduction and safe storage interventions.


Assuntos
Guias como Assunto , Propriedade/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/normas , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/epidemiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , California/epidemiologia , Feminino , Armas de Fogo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
10.
J Am Coll Surg ; 233(3): 331-336, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34303834

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: As a part of its firearm injury prevention action plan, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) surveyed the entire US ACS membership regarding individual members' knowledge, experience, attitudes, degree of support for ACS Committee on Trauma (COT) firearm programs, and degree of support for a range of firearm injury prevention policies. This survey included questions regarding members' prevalence of firearm ownership, type of firearm(s) owned, type of firearm(s) in the home, personal reasons for firearm ownership, and methods of firearm/ammunition storage. STUDY DESIGN: An email invitation to participate in an anonymous, 23-item survey on firearms was sent to all US ACS members (n = 54,761) by a contracted survey research firm. Cross tabulation of questionnaire items by demographic characteristics and chi-square analyses were performed with statistical significance p < 0.05. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 20.4% (11,147/54,761). Forty-two percent of respondents keep firearms in their home (82% long guns, 82% handguns; 32% high-capacity magazine fed, semi-automatic rifles); 75% keep guns for self-defense/protection, 73% for target shooting; 39% store firearms unlocked, and 32% store guns unlocked and loaded. Results vary by practice/training location, practice type, military experience, sex, age, presence of children in the home, level of training, and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of ACS members keep firearms in their home, and nearly one-third store firearms in an unlocked and loaded fashion. Safe storage is a basic tenet of responsible firearm ownership. These data present opportunities for engaging surgeons in efforts to improve safe firearm storage.


Assuntos
Armas de Fogo/estatística & dados numéricos , Propriedade/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/normas , Cirurgiões/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Características da Família , Feminino , Armas de Fogo/classificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Raciais/classificação , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , Sociedades Médicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgiões/classificação , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Veteranos/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/prevenção & controle , Adulto Jovem
11.
PLoS One ; 16(7): e0253785, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34214125

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Occupational health hazards are ubiquitously found in the operating room, guaranteeing an inevitable risk of exposure to the surgeon. Although provisions on occupational health and safety in healthcare exist, they do not address non-traditional hazards found in the operating room. In order to determine whether surgeons or trainees receive any form of occupational health training, we examine the associations between occupational health training and exposure rate. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was distributed. Respondent characteristics included academic level, race/ethnicity, and gender. The survey evaluated seven surgical disciplines and 13 occupational hazards. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between academic level, surgical specialty, and exposure rate. RESULTS: Our cohort of 183 respondents (33.1% response rate) consisted of attendings (n = 72, 39.3%) and trainees (n = 111, 60.7%). Surgical trainees were less likely to have been trained in cytotoxic drugs (OR 0.22, p<0.001), methylmethacrylate (OR 0.15, p<0.001), patient lifting (OR 0.43, p = 0.009), radiation (OR 0.40, p = 0.007), and surgical smoke (OR 0.41, p = 0.041) than attending surgeons. Additionally, trainees were more likely to experience frequent exposure to bloodborne pathogens (OR 5.26, p<0.001), methylmethacrylate (OR 2.86, p<0.001), cytotoxic drugs (OR 3.03, p<0.001), and formaldehyde (2.08, p = 0.011), to name a few. CONCLUSION: Although surgeon safety is not a domain in residency training, standardized efforts to educate and change the culture of safety in residency programs is warranted. Our study demonstrates a disparity between trainees and attendings with a recommendation to provide formal training to trainees independent of their anticipated risk of exposure.


Assuntos
Internato e Residência/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Saúde Ocupacional/educação , Salas Cirúrgicas/normas , Cirurgiões/educação , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Segurança/normas , Cirurgiões/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
PLoS One ; 16(6): e0252688, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34138889

RESUMO

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are being developed and installed in increasing numbers. Some of the most popular ADAS include blind spot monitoring and cruise control which are fitted in the majority of new vehicles sold in high-income countries. With more drivers having access to these technologies, it is imperative to develop policy and strategies to guarantee the safe uptake of ADAS. One key issue is that ADAS education has been primarily centred on the user manual which are not widely utilised. Moreover, it is unclear if user manuals are an adequate source of education in terms of content and readability. To address this research gap, a content analysis was used to assess the differences in ADAS-related content and readability among the manuals of the highest selling vehicles in Australia. The qualitative findings showed that there are seven themes in the user manuals: differences between driving with and without ADAS, familiarisation requirements, operational limits of the ADAS, potential ADAS errors, behaviour adaptation warnings, confusion warnings, and malfunction warnings. The quantitative analysis found that some of the manuals require several years of education above the recommended for a universal audience (>8 years) to be understood. Additionally, there is a notable number of text diversions and infographics which could make comprehension of the user manual difficult. This investigation shows that there is a lack of standardisation of ADAS user manuals (in both content and delivery of information) which requires regulatory oversight. Driver ADAS education needs to be prioritised by policymakers and practitioners as smart technology continues to increase across the transport system. It seems that current strategies based on user manuals are insufficient to achieve successful adoption and safe use of these technologies.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Veículos Automotores/estatística & dados numéricos , Equipamentos de Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos , Tecnologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Condução de Veículo/educação , Condução de Veículo/normas , Guias como Assunto/normas , Humanos , Veículos Automotores/classificação , Veículos Automotores/normas , Equipamentos de Proteção/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Segurança/normas , Tecnologia/métodos , Tecnologia/normas
14.
Laryngoscope ; 131(11): E2784-E2789, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34002874

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To quantify electric scooter injuries encountered in United States emergency departments, focusing on the head and neck, to understand the safety impact of these scooters to improve safe usage. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study from January 2009 to December 2019 of patients presenting to United States emergency departments with electric scooter injuries collected from a national database. About 2,823 cases of injuries were related to electric scooter use from January 2009 to December 2019. Stratified weighted counts and incidence rates were estimated for injury characteristics. Piecewise linear regression quantified the yearly change in incidence of injuries before and after introduction of rideshare programs. RESULTS: The estimated national total of electric scooter cases from 2009 to 2019 was 103,943 (95% CI: 79,650-128,237). Incidence grew in 2019 to 8.63 cases per 100,000 person-years from 4.46 in 2018 to 2.42 in 2017. Head and neck injuries represented 28.5% of total injuries (weighted estimate = 29,610). The most common age group of head and neck injuries before 2018 was ≤17 years, but injuries in 18- to 44-year-olds grew significantly to become the most injured group in 2018 to 2019 (P < .001). From 2009 to 2017, incidence of head and neck injuries fell by 0.02 cases per 100,000 person-years, but cases grew by 1.22 cases per 100,000 person-years post-2017 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Injuries following the launch of rideshare electric scooter programs increased significantly, especially in patients 18 to 44 years of age. Head and neck injuries represent many of these injuries. User safety education must be addressed to prevent injury as programs become more pervasive in the United States. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 Laryngoscope, 131:E2784-E2789, 2021.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Lesões do Pescoço/epidemiologia , Jogos e Brinquedos/lesões , Segurança/normas , Acidentes de Trânsito/tendências , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesões do Pescoço/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
Traffic Inj Prev ; 22(5): 413-418, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34037505

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Automated Truck-Mounted Attenuators (ATMAs) have the potential to improve work zone safety by removing the human driver out of a vehicle that is positioned in work zones to absorb impact from errant vehicles. However, this automated technology is expensive and can be detrimental to safety and project success if operated incorrectly (e.g., operating limitations and procedures not followed). Therefore, it is important to understand users' perceptions of ATMAs and how training can improve appropriate adoption of this technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate how work zone workers perceive the usefulness of and the capabilities of automation in Truck-Mounted Attenuators. METHODS: A survey study was conducted with 13 Department of Transportation (DOT) workers in Colorado and California. Each of the DOT workers in this study had some previous experience with the ATMA, either in real-world applications and/or formal training. The survey collected information on participant job specifications, experience with the ATMA, training received, trust in the ATMA, usability of the HMIs, and operating capabilities of the automation. RESULTS: Workers reported an overall positive acceptance of this technology. This was supported by their expectation that it would reduce crash severity; that there was a reasonable workload associated with operating procedures for the automation; and by their overall trust in the automation's reliability. However, workers noted concerns regarding their trust in the automation under various contexts, such as poor visibility and denser traffic volumes. Further, trust in the technology was greatest among workers with higher levels of ATMA training and longer experience working with the ATMA. CONCLUSIONS: This research presents a novel perspective on user acceptance of ATMA technology. These findings can help jurisdictions achieve the safety improvements that investment and deployment of automation in work zones offers, by identifying the disconnect between operators and technology.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Automação/normas , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Veículos Automotores/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/normas , Carga de Trabalho/normas , California , Colorado , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Local de Trabalho/normas
16.
PLoS One ; 16(5): e0251866, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34003854

RESUMO

Detecting high-collision-concentration locations based solely on collision frequency may produce different results compared to those considering the severities of the collisions. In particular, it can lead government agencies focusing sites with a high collision frequency while neglecting those with a lower collision frequency but a higher percentage of injury and fatal collisions. This study developed systematic ways of detecting reproducible fatal collision locations (R) using the naïve Bayes approach and a continuous risk profile (CRP) that estimates the true collision risk by filtering out random noise in the data. The posterior probability of fatal collisions being reproducible at a location is estimated by the relationship between the spatial distribution of fatal-collision locations (i.e., likelihood) and the CRP (i.e., prior probability). The proposed method can be used to detect sites with the highest proxy measure of the posterior probability (PMP) of observing R. An empirical evaluation using 5-year traffic collision data from six routes in California shows that detecting R based on the PMP outperform those based on the SPF-based approaches or random selection, regardless of various conditions and parameters of the proposed method. This method only requires traffic collision and annual traffic volume data to estimate PMP that prioritize sites being R and the PMPs can be compared across multiple routes. Therefore, it helps government agencies prioritizing sites of multiple routes where the number of fatal collisions can be reduced, thus help them to save lives with limited resources of data collection.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Planejamento Ambiental , Segurança/normas , Teorema de Bayes , Humanos
17.
Traffic Inj Prev ; 22(5): 390-395, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33881357

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness and potential safety benefits of a Rural Junction Active Warning System (RJAWS), which uses variable speed limit signs (VSLSs) to temporarily impose a reduced speed limit along the major road when another vehicle is approaching on the minor road or turning into the minor road from the far-side major leg. METHODS: The RJAWS was trialed at 4 3-leg rural junctions between 2-lane roads in South Australia. A quasi-experimental before-after analysis was conducted. The free-flow speed of vehicles along the junction major approaches was used as an indicator of the risk of a casualty crash with adjacent traffic. Events with activated and nonactivated VSLSs after the RJAWS installation were analyzed separately. Travel speed, speed limit compliance, and the relative risk of a casualty crash were compared. The potential risk of casualty crashes relative to traveling at the default speed limit was calculated based on a known relationship between travel speed and relative casualty risk for rural roads in South Australia. RESULTS: When the reduced speed limit signs are activated, the average travel speed along the major road is reduced between 11.3 and 22.1 km/h, with a consequent reduction of the expected average casualty risk between 42% and 65% compared to before the RJAWS installation. . Though compliance with the reduced posted speed limit was low, the RJAWS still proved effective in reducing travel speed because the majority of drivers traveled through the monitored junctions at speeds below the default speed limit when the sign was activated. CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation indicated that the trialed RJAWS can potentially reduce the risk of fatal and serious injuries at junctions under conditions that may present the opportunity for an adjacent-direction collision with another vehicle. Extending the RJAWS installation to additional junctions is strongly suggested. Further monitoring is needed to determine whether safety benefits are sustained over the long term.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/normas , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Austrália do Sul , Viagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle
18.
Traffic Inj Prev ; 22(5): 384-389, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33881358

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Road traffic laws explicitly refer to a safe and cautious driving style as a means of ensuring safety. For automated vehicles to adhere to these laws, objective measurements of safe and cautious behavior in normal driving conditions are required. This paper describes the conception, implementation and initial testing of an objective scoring system that assigns safety indexes to observed driving style, and aggregates them to provide an overall safety score for a given driving session. METHODS: The safety score was developed by matching safety indexes with maneuver-based parameter ranges processed from an existing highway traffic data set with a newly developed algorithm. The concept stands on the idea that safety, rather than suddenly changing from a safe to an unsafe condition at a certain parameter value, can be better modeled as a continuum of values that consider the safety margins available for interactions among multiple vehicles and that depend on present traffic conditions. A sensitivity test of the developed safety score was conducted by comparing the results of applying the algorithm to two drivers in a simulator who were instructed to drive normally and risky, respectively. RESULTS: The evaluation of normal driving statistics provided suitable ranges for safety parameters like vehicle distances, time headways, and time to collision based on real traffic data. The sensitivity test provided preliminary evidence that the scoring method can discriminate between safe and risky drivers based on their driving style. In contrast to previous approaches, collision situations are not needed for this assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The developed safety score shows potential for assessing the level of safety of automated vehicle (AV) behavior in traffic, including AV ability to avoid exposure to collision-prone situations. Occasional bad scores may occur even for good drivers or autonomously driving vehicles. However, if the safety index becomes low during a significant part of a driving session, due to frequent or harsh safety margin violations, the corresponding driving style should not be accepted for driving in real traffic.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Condução de Veículo/normas , Simulação por Computador/normas , Segurança/normas , Algoritmos , Exame para Habilitação de Motoristas , Humanos , Assunção de Riscos
19.
PLoS One ; 16(3): e0248311, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33735196

RESUMO

Improving road safety and setting targets for reducing traffic-related crashes and deaths are highlighted as part of the United Nations sustainable development goals and worldwide vision zero efforts. The advent of transportation network companies and ridesourcing expands mobility options in cities and may impact road safety outcomes. We analyze the effects of ridesourcing use on road crashes, injuries, fatalities, and driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenses in Travis County, Texas. Our approach leverages real-time ridesourcing volume to explain variation in road safety outcomes. Spatial panel data models with fixed-effects are deployed to examine whether the use of ridesourcing is significantly associated with road crashes and other safety metrics. Our results suggest that for a 10% increase in ridesourcing trips, we expect a 0.12% decrease in road crashes, a 0.25% decrease in road injuries, and a 0.36% decrease in DWI offenses in Travis County. On the other hand, ridesourcing use is not significantly associated with road fatalities. This study augments existing work because it moves beyond binary indicators of ridesourcing availability and analyzes crash and ridesourcing trips patterns within an urbanized area rather than their metropolitan-level variation. Contributions include developing a data-rich approach for assessing the impacts of ridesourcing use on the transportation system's safety, which may serve as a template for future analyses for other cities. Our findings provide feedback to policymakers by clarifying associations between ridesourcing use and traffic safety and uncover the potential to achieve safer mobility systems with transportation network companies.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Automóveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Dirigir sob a Influência/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança/normas , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Condução de Veículo/normas , Automóveis/normas , Cidades , Dirigir sob a Influência/prevenção & controle , Políticas , Análise Espacial , Texas
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